Page 4 of English Words Derived from Latin 'Clavis'
including clavier, clef, clavel, enclave & exclave
Johann Sebastian Bach finished the first part of The Well-Tempered Clavier at Cöthen in 1722, and the second part at Leipzig around 1740. This most famous Clavier first meant keyboard. After being borrowed into German from French, it is today the general German word for piano, Klavier. The names of some historical keyboard instruments also contain this root: clavichord, clavecin, and clavicembalo. Clavier French ‘keyboard instrument < claviarius Medieval Latin ‘one who or that which bears keys’ < clavis Latin‘key’
Another familiar musical term from Latin clavis is clef, the symbol used in musical notation to indicate the
Other English Words from Clavis clavel – the lintel over a fireplace < clavellus medieval Latin ‘little key,’ so named because of the lintel’s shape. This word borrowed into English from medieval French gives rise to several French and now English surnames. The most renown bearer of the last name Clavell is perhaps Australian novelist, screenwriter and film director, James Clavell. Click here to investigate the surname of novelist James Clavell.
enclave – French, literally ‘locked in,’ said of a territory surrounded by foreign land, then the meaning was generalized to refer to any minority within a larger grouping. The Italian town of Campione d’Italia is located on the shore of Lake Lugano in southern Switzerland and is an Italian enclave in Switzerland. An exclave is a territory that belongs to a political entity but is not connected to it by land (islands are not counted) and is surrounded by other political entities. Alaska is an exclave of the United States of America. Hawaii is not, because it is made up of islands. Another good example is the region around the Russian city of Kaliningrad. It belongs to the Russian Federation, but is separated from the rest of that country by territory belonging to Lithuania and Poland.
C is B's exclave, and A's enclave.
D is B's exclave, but is not an enclave. Although both meanings are close, an exclave may not necessarily be an enclave. Kaliningrad is surrounded not by one state only, but by two: Lithuania and Poland and it also borders the Baltic Sea. On the other hand, the Spanish exclave of Llívia is an enclave in France. After World War I, East Prussia became an exclave of Germany. Enclave < enclaver French ‘to enclose, to make a dovetail joint in woodworking’ < in Latin ‘in’ + clavis Latin ‘key’ Exclave < ex Latin ‘outside of’ + clavis Latin ‘key’
subclavian arteries – two arteries that bring blood from the heart to the neck and the arms and that extend partially under the clavicles (sub Latin ‘under’).
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of Bach’s clavier works is a set of preludes and fugues. Each part consists of twenty-four preludes and fugues, one prelude and one fugue in each of the twelve major and minor keys. The German title is Das wohltemperierte Clavier. The tempering referred to is an altering of musical intervals to make their performance more practical on fixed-pitch instruments like pianos and modern organs. 
pitch of the notes on a stave. There are three clefs: treble (shown), bass, and tenor or alto. The term was first used in French musical notation and borrowed into English. Clef French < clavis Latin ‘key.’ 
